Why are there only 2 genders? Here I use a simple genetic algorithm to simulate 4 species. The species and environments are exactly the same except for the ...
Well, the issue is you're thinking combinatorics- I'm thinking differential
equatiosn. We should really be thinking with both. There is a combinatorial
nature to the gene reshuffling, but population dynamics (which is also
vitally important) is generally described as differential equations over
(ideally) the Reals (though you may have complex solutions in some areas).
Least, thats how I see it. Sadly a full explanation of my formulation of
this is too small to fit in the narrow youtubian margin.
Dear Henrin, The use of physiological markers, phenotypic or genotypic, as
a basis for demarcating people into two sex-types, is fairly arbitrary.
True, for theories of evolution, one might reasonably consider how useful
it is to spot if another person and you are able to reproduce. But that is
just one framework. PS: the better term is natal intersex. Plus people who
use medical/surgical means to render themselves trans. Try thinking
non-dimorphic at all levels of the human taxonomy. x andrea
One path of reasoning behind this video is entirely flawed; with 2 sexes,
to say only 50% of the population can have offspring is incorrect - only
infertile humans are unable. If a couple have a child, 100% of them have
produced offspring. There are also assumptions at work here that glaze over
subtle implications of 4 genders - are all 4 needed to copulate? Is only 1
of said genders impregnated as a result? If so, how would 3 "male" genders
mutually evolve? This video contains wrong science.
If the first organisms were retrofitted for their environment, then the
reason for change should be evident - a change in the environment. In such
cases a faster mutator will have more varied offspring, and natural
selection will favour the offspring better adapted to the changing
environment. The 'random' in random mutations is that the changes cannot be
predicted, but the mutations themselves are minor changes to genetic code,
although results can be drastic, like tailless cats for example.
I'm not sure I completely agree with the premises, though I do think the
overall conclusion is still correct. 1) Why would the additional genders
not be capable of producing offspring? Why couldn't they be quasi-female
with the required anatomy to give birth? 2) Why would the passing on of
genetic mutations be limited the way you describe? Unless the mutations
were linked to the genes responsible for gender of course, one mutation
could possibly be given to all four offspring, or none at all.
@rob92410 and zelos88. First, a hermaphrodite is a naturally occurring
animal, which possesses sexual organs of both genders but still requires a
mate. They cannot mate with themselves and produce a clone. Second, a human
with both sets of organs is not a hermaphrodite, as it is not a normal,
natural occurrence. (natural, perhaps, but not normal for the species.) It
is called a dual gender condition. There are others, labelled as
hermaphrodites with vagipenises. That is an intersex condition.
Well, if you think of reproduction and evolution as just math- specifically
differential equations, you can try to find an optimimum value for the
variable "Number of sexes involved in reproduction" which would lead to a
wonderfully complicated equation which might have Real or even Complex
values (eg decimal values or values with imaginary parts). Obviously we
need to have an integer (whole) number of sexes, so the "nearest" to true
optimal- assuming true optimal is not integral, is 2. HTH.
we'd most likely be saying how selfish or silly of a thing two people only
needed for offspring when we have all of us together for support PLUS
EVERYONE KNOWS MORE IS BETTER, and look we all gained immunities to silly
party crashing STD's for as you show'n not much difference is there between
two and more meh, sorry heading more to philosphy on you than actual
science, which i still bet on a hunch its a thermaldynamic/osmosis bleh,
something other than work/effort relations on a large scale
I would actually suspect not -- or if any, e. e tends to pop up in
differential equations alot, it may work out to that. But to be completely
honest I think it's more likely some odd construction of reciprocals and
radicals. Nature doesn't tend toward these "nice" numbers as often as
people think. Theres a good book out there-- "The Golden Ratio" by Marcus
Livio which takes on Phi in nature and how it isn't really there all that
much. In any case, it's quite interesting, I think, Math FTW!
not a shabby hack job one, at all, well thought just can't shake the
feeling, answer will be found more farther back when you showed the clip
on, oh what was it called something genis i think creating the cell
membrames etc... will hold more of a reason, for the arguements given here
on this perspective, is that a perspective, we wouldnt think it took more
time or effort with more or easier with less, it'd be all our thoughts from
what is the norm to what is not norm hmm if that make sense
I dont dispute the biology. The question is how much this female/male
dimorphism is either true or useful, as description, categorisation, or
explanation of the biology. Personally, Im not impressed at any level,
until we get to talk about the influence that such false beliefs have on
peoples self-identity, and their identification of others. So, there may be
reasonably distinguishable gross physiological structures, eg vagina,
clitoris, labia, womb, penis, ovaries, testes, etc. But...
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