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Let's Talk About Power Lines - Reclosers vs Fused Cutouts (Expulsion fuses)
1-Year Update: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=sMBeUJ8BVIk In this video, I discuss how EnergyUnited fixed a long occurring problem with the power lines in ...
The reclosers I worked with in the 80's had three stages. The recloser is
tripped by a solenoid that pushes against a spring and opens the contacts
at the same time. The solenoid is sized so an over-current condition will
cause it to operate. The first trip results in the spring tension
re-closing the contacts almost immediately. It also causes an orifice to
move into place, restricting the flow of oil pushed by a piston connected
to the reclosing mechanism. If the fault still exists then it trips a
second time but the speed of the solenoid is slowed and it doesn't open the
contacts for a couple of seconds. If any tap line has a fault the
over-current condition will cause the tap line fuse[s] to blow, clearing
the fault. The reclosing spring then closes the contacts again. If the
fault is cleared, the solenoid doesn't open the contacts and power is
restored (except in the faulted tap line). If the fault is not cleared, the
solenoid operates a third time with a longer delay due to a smaller orifice
moved into place. The contacts are reclosed again, and if the fault still
exists the solenoid opens the contacts one final time, and due to a the
further movement of the orifice mechanism, trips a link and disables the
ability of the spring to re-close the contacts, leaving the line dead past
the recloser. The size of the solenoid and the tap line fuses must be
coordinated for the clearing scheme to work. The fault current needed to
open the recloser must be larger than the current needed to blow tap line
fuses.
+Cube Computer Channel Yes. Lightning, animals, or a falling tree limb can cause a momentary fault, but not cause a permanent fault. Also, the orifice mechanism will slowly "leak" back to its original position so it's ready for the next full cycle. The external (yellow) lever will only fall open when the final trip occurs, so you can tell from the ground when it has locked out.
+John Purple Interesting to know exactly how oil circuit reclosers work. I have seen in some instances where in a really bad storm or wind situation, the lights may quickly blink. I would assume this is the instant reclose you're referring to.
+John Purple but if it is rarely using then what is the purpose of using earth wire which has low resistance.If a phase wire gets in touch with a metal current will be around that metal,even if we had grounded that metal case as long as supply is there current will be around that metal,right?? Earth wire will have no use then
+joel mathews You might be talking about a Ground Fault Interrupter (GFI). They will trip when a very small current is detected in the "earth" circuit. Strictly speaking, fuses contain metal strips that melt from the heat of excess current (see french "fusible"). They are rarely used in homes nowadays. Modern installations use circuit breakers which use bimetallic strips that bend when heated and open the circuit.
+John Purple is there any connection between earth wire and main fuse in our houses.I read that whenever there is a leakage of current earth wire draws them and causes fuse to blow,but i havent seen any connection between earth wire and fuse
+joel mathews The current flows in a circuit including the "hot" wire[s] and earth, or "ground" wire. The earth wire is usually physically connected to the actual ground (dirt), so there isn't any voltage difference between the wire and the ground and you don't get a shock.
A few weeks ago they replaced the transformer that we are on right in front
of my house, it took them 15-20 minutes. Later on that day when the power
was restored I discovered that my computer was barbecued and wouldn't turn
on, the motherboard green LED was blinking very dimly. I don't know if it
was the result of the power line crews.
Nick, Great video. The power at my business here in Houston Texas goes out
TOO OFTEN. What Centerpoint energy thinks is too much differs with me.
Everytime our power goes out I go to a pole in which the fuse cutouts are
tripped. We call the power company.....they send out a lineman and he will
replace the fuse cutouts. They don't know why the faults occur. They say
birds, squirrels, trucks hitting poles, wind. How much does it cost to
install a recloser? I think the only reason they don't do it is because it
costs money and or not enough people complain enough.
+Routyouout In order to install a recloser, there will need to be a lot of customers being affected downline. Also, electric coops will be quicker to consider reclosers vs investor utilities.
Not sure if anyone will ever see this but I'm a bit confused. When I was
younger and stupid I was on a store roof that has power lines running
across it. I jokingly went over and faked getting shocked by one. Should I
be dead? Also there was this thing that looked like a fuse cutout i think
and I grabbed that also and it felt like I was grabbing one of those fair
ground electric chairs. Please respond if you can.
+Jimmy Donnelly something powering a store is usually bigger than 120/240. He was probably just grabbing telephone. Anything associated with the primary or secondary side of powerlines would've killed/seriously injured him for sure.
+Cube Computer Channel On the "dips" you talked about: I grew up with an
electrician in the family. He explained that when the power appears to "cut
out" for a second and then come back on, it's a different reason than a cut
out fuse. This happens when something (for example a lightning strike)
causes a feed line to feed the wrong voltage into a transformer station. An
automated system cuts off the feed from the transformer station to prevent
damage from the sudden change in input voltage (again, lightning strike as
the example). Once the feed returns to normal (lightning strike is over and
charge has been dissipated) the safety system reconnects the transformer
and it keeps working as before.
The problem on the receiving end is that when the safety disconnects the
TX's feed you don't get a total loss of electricity in your wall plug.
Instead (since only the TX's feed, not the TX's output was disconnected)
the transformer will keep supplying a few burst of electricity WITH THE
WRONG VOLTAGE as the internal magnetic fields dissipate. You can visualize
it as a few smaller waves coming after the big waves have been blocked.
These "waves" have the wrong voltage, and this causes some appliances'
transformers to deliver the wrong voltage to the appliance, causing a brown
out for the electronic circuits.
This is one of the reasons sensitive systems often have a UPS
(uninterrupted power supply, a type of backup battery that cuts out
external power and supplies the correct power in case of a brown out). The
above scenario can cause a brown-out which can damage some electronics.
Most home computers today are protected but many expensive systems need an
external or built in UPS in case the above safety system is triggered.
A "brown out" is when the supplied voltage doesn't go from operating
voltage down to zero immediately, but rather slowly sinks. In some
electronics (especially in expensive experimental electronics) this may
damage the semi-conductor parts.
+phil greene Forgive the very 'half cooked' text, search for related information if you want or need.I forgot one aspect, which is often forgotten, opposite impedance.When you apply AC to a capacitor or a coil (like an electric motor) you get an induced resistance.There is a diagram called a "Visardiagram" in Swedish. I can't find the translation. You use it to visualize induced resistance from coils and capacitors. What you notice there is that capacitors have the opposite vector from coils. Induced resistance is a result of phase shift, (time delay between current draw and ampere draw). Because coils and capacitors phase shift in the opposite direction, the induced resistance of a coil can be reduced by adding a capacitor to the circuit. For a hands on example you can see that most electric motors in consumer appliances have a capacitor on the back.At the end of the grid lines there is a transformer stepping down to household voltage, a giant coil. By attaching a capacitor to the receiving end of the grid you can counter balance the induced resistance (and thus the losses) generated by the coils in the transformer.
It is called a recloser. Each distribution feeder circuit at the local distribution substation is protected by a device called a recloser. The recloser is usually set for 3 strikes and your out, to put it simply. What happens is, if there is a fault(short circuit) occurring on the feeder circuit, the recloser will open, or de energize the circuit, and reclose re energizing the circuit. If the fault was temporary, ie, an animal contacting a jumper, or a lightning strike, then the recloser will only operate once. If the fault is permanent, the recloser will operate 3 consecutive times. Open, wait a few seconds, reclose, open wait a few seconds, and reclose, and after the 3rd try, the circuit will lock out. The transmission system is also protected by circuit breakers, but are much more sensitive then the distribution reclosers. They could operate(open, and reclose a circuit) and you might not even notice anything.
+phil greene There are three capacitors, one per phase. Typically, the capacitors themselves are rectangular shaped and mounted on a small bracket on the pole. The cylinder things you see are actually oil circuit switches that connect the capacitors to the lines. These switches are similar to reclosers in the fact they have an oil submerged switch in them. The capacitors are used to correct the power factor on the lines. Things like switching power supplies, such as in computers and electronic devices (older ones that lack power factor correction (PFC)), and other kinds of loads will pull down the power factor. Power factor is the ratio of real power vs the apparent power. The power factor varies all the time, depending on the kinds of loads on the system. Low power factor levels are not good for the system. When the power factor drops, the switches put the capacitors into service to help pull the PF back up. When they are not needed, they are switched out of service. Commonly, capacitor banks will be fused by cutouts as capacitors can short out over time. (The OCS's mentioned earlier are not breakers, and aren't designed to open a fault)
+phil greene I'm not certain but it could be to compensate for phase shift. Simply put: In AC, the voltage changes up and down. You would think that the ampere draw came at the same time as the voltage, but it doesn't. There's a lag. The greater the delay between the voltage sinus curve and the ampere sinus curve, the greater the power loss and heat generation.One way to decrease the phase shift is to couple a capacitor at the receiving end of the power line. Because capacitors can deliver a high flow, and because it is closer to the receiving end the lag decreases, and you waste less power.Google for power correction.
you know a lot about this kind of stuff,,, I have one question why do power lines use capacitors they kind of look like transformers but they are much smaller and there are usually 3 of them.