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Fade Between Hubble and Chandra images of the Spiral Galaxy ESO 137-001
This image begins with a Hubble-only view of spiral galaxy ESO 137-001. It then fades to show the image with Chandra observations overlaid. This second ...
This image begins with a Hubble-only view of spiral galaxy ESO 137-001. It
then fades to show the image with Chandra observations overlaid. This
second image combines NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope observations with
data from the Chandra X-ray Observatory. As well as the electric blue ram
pressure stripping streaks seen emanating from ESO 137-001, a giant gas
stream can be seen extending towards the bottom of the frame, only visible
in the X-ray part of the spectrum.
About the Object
Name: ESO 137-001, Norma cluster
Data: //simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=ESO+137-001
//simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=Norma+cluster
Type: • Local Universe : Galaxy : Type : Spiral
• Local Universe : Galaxy : Type : Interacting
• X - Galaxies Images/Videos
Facility: Hubble Space Telescope
Release date: 4 March 2014
This new Hubble image shows spiral galaxy ESO 137-001, framed against a
bright background as it moves through the heart of galaxy cluster Abell
3627. This cluster is violently ripping the spiral's entrails out into
space, leaving bright blue streaks as telltale clues to this cosmic crime.
This new Hubble image shows ESO 137-001, a galaxy located in the southern
constellation of Triangulum Australe (The Southern Triangle) — a delicate
and beautiful spiral galaxy, but with a secret.
This image not only captures the galaxy and its backdrop in stunning
detail, but also something more dramatic — intense blue streaks streaming
outwards from the galaxy, seen shining brightly in ultraviolet light.
These streaks are actually hot young stars, encased in wispy streams of gas
that are being torn away from the galaxy by its surroundings as it moves
through space. This violent galactic disrobing is due to a process known as
ram pressure stripping — a drag force felt by an object moving through a
fluid [1]. The fluid in question here is superheated gas, which lurks at
the centres of galaxy clusters.
This image also shows other telltale signs of this process, such as the
curved appearance of the disc of gas and dust — a result of the forces
exerted by the heated gas. The cluster's drag may be strong enough to bend
ESO 137-001, but in this cosmic tug-of-war the galaxy's gravitational pull
is strong enough to hold on to the majority of its dust — although some
brown streaks of dust displaced by the stripping are visible.
Studying ram pressure stripping helps astronomers to better understand the
mechanisms that drive the evolution of galaxies. For example, it will leave
this galaxy with very little of the cold gas that is essential for star
formation, rendering the galaxy effectively incapable of forming new stars.
ESO 137-001 is part of the Norma Cluster, a cluster of galaxies near the
centre of the Great Attractor, a region of space that earned its name by
being so massive, and having a gravitational pull so strong, that it is
pulling entire galaxy clusters towards it. This region is located around
200 million light-years from our galaxy, the Milky Way. Both our galaxy and
its home group, the Local Group, are slowly being hauled towards this
mysterious region. Hubble also imaged ESO 137-001's neighbour, ESO 137-002,
which is also known to have a hot tail of gas extending outwards into space
(potw1302).
Despite being relatively close by cosmic standards, catching even a glimpse
of the Norma Cluster is no mean feat. Observed from Earth, the cluster lies
close to the plane of the Milky Way and is obscured by a thick smog of
cosmic dust. But Hubble is up to the challenge — using new data from
Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3).
As with most images from Hubble, this is not just a pretty picture; it
tells us a great deal about the harsh environment at the heart of a galaxy
cluster, and the fate of galaxies like ESO 137-001 that find passage
through it.
A version of this image was submitted to the Hubble's Hidden Treasures
image processing competition by contestant Serge Meunier.
Notes
[1] A quick and simple analogy for this effect would be to imagine leaning
out of a car window as it travelled quickly along a motorway, or walking
within a swimming pool.
Related releases "Spiral galaxy spills blood and guts":
//www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1404/
Credit:
NASA, ESA, CXC