This video shows the EDL trajectory of the MSL Curiosity rover starting from just after the entry interface up until touchdown. The trajectory data is interpolated ...
Note that the original data is referenced to inertial space with respect to
Mars. Longitude, latitude, and altitude are determined after moving into a
rotating system to compensate for the planet's spin. Altitude is simply the
radial distance from Mars' center to the spacecraft minus the mean radius
of Mars. If you computed the laser's path in inertial space and performed
the same transformation then it would appear as a curved line with altitude
increasing as the beam travels into the distance.
Calculating the trajectory is indeed quite difficult, but simply amounts to
a whole lot of math in the end. Accounting for the gravity of Earth, Mars,
and the Sun (as well as the moon and Jupiter for detailed analyses) and the
effects of the spin of the Earth and Mars are all necessary for computing
the desired spacecraft trajectory. Timing is critical of course, much like
throwing a football to a receiver that is following a pattern, but with
solid engineering the vehicle will arrive on target!
Thanks for the fast answer! So if you had used a curved Mars for this then
would the first 30s of trajectory look identical, more curved or less
curved? If I imagine the leading edge of the flat terrain curved down 10
degrees then do I have to "bend" the trajectory down 10 degrees also? I'm
just wondering what the true trajectory would have looked like to an
observer. Thanks for doing this, it's awesome. I think the guided entry is
the unsung hero of this mission - it put us next to the mtn!
The plot is orthotropic (ie. Mars does appear to be flat), but the x-, y-
and z- axes are the true longitude, latitude, and altitude components of
position (longitude and latitude are multiplied by mean Mars radius to have
units of km). The position is derived from the trajectory which does
include the curvature of the planet. The steep curve at the beginning is
the atmospheric entry phase, after which the spacecraft begins a horizontal
guided phase to align and reach the landing site.
This video starts 594km downrange and 191km altitude. Is there an
adjustment for curvature of Mars or have you assumed a 'flat mars'? If I
fired a laser horizontally from the curiosity landing site uprange, at
600km, or 10 degrees of a martian great circle, the laser would be at an
altitude of 1.5% mars radius above the surface or 53km altitude. I am
wondering if the steep curve in trajectory in the first 30 seconds is
guided entry or just 'mars not being flat'
The yellow path is the ground track, or rather the position of the
spacecraft over the ground (like a shadow), so if you bend it then you also
need to bend the surface on which it is plotted (ie. adding the planet's
curvature). While I could have plotted the data in a real inertial
reference coordinate system, which includes the curvature, it would not
look very different since the overall EDL trajectory is relatively small
compared to the planet.
I think this answers my question! So I would need to "bend" the yellow path
down by 10 degrees at the start point and bend the green path down by some
amount also. How on *Mars* do they manage to calculate these paths what
with planets orbiting and spinning and gravity and such. Wow!
Never! The ISS orbits the Earth at an altitude of about 400 km, while Mars
is about 60,000,000 km away when it is closest to the Earth. With ISS
having a mass of 450 tons, you'd need about 2,300 tons of rocket fuel just
to reach escape velocity
Mars Geology: Terrain Near the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Landing Site
This image is of a region slightly to the southwest of where the MSL rover, called Curiosity, will land in August 2012. It shows three distinct terrains: (a) older ...
Mars Geology: A Unique View of Curiosity Rover in Yellowknife Bay July 24, 2013
This image was acquired with a large spacecraft roll to the east when the subsolar latitude was -7.26 degrees, close to the latitude of MSL (-4.6 degrees), ...
Mars Gale Crater
Mars Geology: Gale Crater animation using HiRISE DTM. This animation shows the edge of the Gale crater interior mound. It was created from NASA's HiRISE ...
This animation shows the lower reaches of Mount Sharp in Gale crater which is the destination of the MSL. It was created from NASA's HiRISE DTM and image ...
2016 IEEE Aerospace Conference and Expo - Del Mar Photonics [email protected]
2016 IEEE Aerospace Conference and Expo - please email [email protected] to arrange a meeting during the conference. Featured track and sessions ...