p-Value, Null Hypothesis, Type 1 Error, Statistical Significance, Alternative Hypothesis & Type 2
//www.stomponstep1.com/p-value-null-hypothesis-type-1-error-statistical-significance/ When looking at 2 or more groups that differ based on a treatment or ...
I wish a more basic form of this was taught to everyone (high school maybe)
that would allow people to better decipher the stats and studies that are
reported to them.
+bahilleli Agreed. With just a little biostats knowledge you can easily tell that a lot of news reports are misinterpreting/misrepresenting the stats and research they cite
Power, Type II error, and Sample Size
Video providing an overview of how power is determined and how it relates to sample size.
Type I and II Errors, Power, Effect Size, Significance and Power Analysis in Quantitative Research
There is a mistake at 9.22. Alpha is normally set to 0.05 NOT 0.5. Thank you Victoria for bringing this to my attention. This video reviews key terminology relating ...
I have a few videos in a playlist called quantitative research and statistics on my channel My book is called: Complex research terminology simplified. There is a link under many of my videos.
Have you done a power analysis? I talk a bit about how to know what the sample size is in this video but you'll find more detail in a stats book.
Error Type (Type I & II)
When drawing an inference (from a sample statistic, about a population parameter), we cannot avoid errors. We inevitably must commit either a Type I or Type II ...
No I am not kidding. That is what a census is. It measures every individual
and it is required by the constitution that we count every person
individually. Now it is true that inherently we are going to miss some. So
people with knowledge in statistics are pushing to try to include some
manipulation of the data to deal with these issues. They hire 10's of
thousands to go around to every address in the US. They try to count the
homeless by picking a specific night to measure them.
In a hypothesis testing the decision can go either way: your sample can
align with the null or alternative. You can say "accept the null" if you
fail to reject it but they recently dropped that because it might involve
you with the type II error (accepting H0 when it is false) when it's
unnecessary. so it safer for you to say that you have no enough evidence to
reject the null. (leaves you the type 1 and that only if your test actually
detected an effect enough to reject)
@bionicturtledotcom medical statistics made easy. its the one my university
recommends but I don't like it. It doesn't go into enough detail for me to
actually apply it. When I used it statistics was an abstract unapplied
thing that I couldn't actually use. If I was a bit cleverer maybe I could
extrapolate from simple definitions and calculations but I need a helping
hand to apply it to actual research papers and documents
@lbrown1956 However, it is practically impossible to include EVERY
individual in a nation-state. For example, in Singapore, where I come from,
its only 50km wide +/-, yet still, it is practically impossible to include
every single individual. The first and utmost reason is the practicality of
the situation, and second, it should be economically pragmatic; inexpensive.
you can post questions at our forum at bionicturtle(dot)com/forum ... but
in my humble opinion, part of the problem is you are linking Type 1/2 to
the type of distribution. If you want to start at fundamentals, i would
abstract from any distribution, then you may realize that your concept
applies to (is independent of) the particular distribution. thanks!
@bionicturtledotcom Hi..we say that it is not possible to minimise both the
errors simultaneously..that is if we attempt to decrease type 1 error
(alpha), the type 2 error increases. (beta)..but how can we prove this
correlation between these two types of errors?? that is how can we show
that a decrease in alpha increases beta..thanks..
Conceptually, it does not really matter that the distribution is normal.
The significance (e.g., 5%) is the probability of a Type I error and, if
you use a different distribution, the different shape is reflected in a
different deviate. Instead of 1.645 associated with the normal, your
deviate comes from your distribution
I like your tutorials but this one was a little confusing. May be this can
help: Type I error – when we reject a “good” part as “bad” Type II error –
when we accept a “bad part” as “good”. If the part is critical to safety we
would prefer to make a type I error.
What do you mean the census doesn't measure everybody, this is exactly
wrong. They do measure the a set of specific characteristics of everybody.
It is true that they don't measure certain characteristics of everybody but
there is a base set that they do measure of everybody.
@cleobabie not if one-tailed, i showed both, see (eg) @4:25. A CI (bound),
like a test, can be 1 or 2-tailed (sided). A one-sided test, (eg., all
VaRs), have the 5% significance in one tail
@DURound Yes, agreed ... I had thought the Census was a sample, but as
other commentors pointed out, a Census is an attempted survey of a
population, so I did use a bad example. Thanks!
you're a life saver david, im using your videos to help study for the Level
1 exam and they really help crystallize a lot of the quant material
specifically. Thanks so much!
Proof (part 3) minimizing squared error to regression line | Khan Academy
Proof (Part 3) Minimizing Squared Error to Regression Line Watch the next lesson: ...
After I finish this series, how confident should I feel about taking the AP
Statistics exam? Assume that I understand and how to apply at least 95% of
the material? Someone give an answer plz :)
I very much believe that a fair amount of my tuition money should be going
to Mr. Khan. Seriously dude you have helped me more than most of my
professors have.